Pleural thickening refers to the abnormal thickening of the pleura,
the membrane surrounding the lungs, often seen on chest X-rays or
CT scans. It can result from various conditions, including chronic
inflammation, infections (like tuberculosis), asbestos exposure,
trauma, or malignancies (such as mesothelioma or metastatic
cancer). The pathogenesis involves the deposition of fibrous tissue
on the pleural surface, sometimes accompanied by scarring or
calcification, leading to a thickened, irregular pleura. Pleural
thickening can cause chest pain and shortness of breath, especially
if it restricts lung expansion. Diagnosis relies on imaging, where
thickened pleural areas may be observed along the lung margins,
often with irregular or nodular contours. Depending on the
suspected cause, additional investigations like thoracentesis or
biopsy may be needed
