A pneumatocele is a thin-walled, air-filled cyst that forms within the
lung parenchyma, usually as a result of lung trauma, infection, or
mechanical ventilation. Pneumatoceles are commonly associated
with bacterial infections like Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia,
which can cause localized lung damage and lead to the formation of
these air-filled cavities. The pathogenesis involves injury to the
alveolar walls, leading to air leakage into the surrounding lung
tissue and the creation of a cystic space. Pneumatoceles are often
asymptomatic and may resolve on their own, but larger ones can
cause respiratory distress or complications like pneumothorax if
they rupture. Diagnosis is primarily based on imaging, where
pneumatoceles appear as well-defined, round or oval air-filled
cavities, typically with thin walls.
