Question 1

Which of the following is the most common cause of smooth interlobular septal thickening?
Options:
A. Sarcoidosis
B. Pulmonary venous congestion
C. Amyloidosis
D. Lymphangitic carcinomatosis

Correct Answer:
B. Pulmonary venous congestion

Explanation:
Smooth interlobular septal thickening is most commonly caused by pulmonary venous congestion due to left heart failure, where increased hydrostatic pressure leads to fluid accumulation.

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Question 2

Which systemic disease is associated with nodular interlobular septal thickening due to granulomatous inflammation?
Options:
A. Sarcoidosis
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Amyloidosis
D. Tuberculosis

Correct Answer:
A. Sarcoidosis

Explanation:
Sarcoidosis, a granulomatous disease, can cause nodular interlobular septal thickening due to lymphatic involvement, typically affecting the upper lobes.

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Question 3

Which of the following diseases is associated with interlobular septal thickening and calcifications?
Options:
A. Sarcoidosis
B. Silicosis
C. Amyloidosis
D. All of the above

Correct Answer:
D. All of the above

Explanation:
Calcified interlobular septa can be seen in sarcoidosis, silicosis, and amyloidosis. Sarcoidosis causes calcification due to chronic granulomatous inflammation, while silicosis and amyloidosis can result in septal calcifications due to metabolic or environmental exposure.

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Question 4

Which condition is the classic cause of the crazy paving pattern on CT?
Options:
A. Sarcoidosis
B. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
C. Amyloidosis
D. Pneumocystis pneumonia

Correct Answer:
B. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

Explanation:
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is the classic cause of crazy paving, a pattern of thickened interlobular septa superimposed on ground-glass opacities, due to surfactant accumulation.

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Question 5

Which of the following is associated with smooth interlobular septal thickening and ground-glass opacities?
Options:
A. Pulmonary edema
B. Amyloidosis
C. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
D. All of the above

Correct Answer:
D. All of the above

Explanation:
Smooth interlobular septal thickening and ground-glass opacities are nonspecific findings that can be seen in pulmonary edema, amyloidosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

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Question 6

Amyloidosis is associated with which of the following patterns of interlobular septal thickening?
Options:
A. Smooth thickening
B. Nodular thickening
C. Calcified thickening
D. All of the above

Correct Answer:
D. All of the above

Explanation:
Amyloidosis can cause smooth, nodular, or calcified interlobular septal thickening, depending on the stage and distribution of amyloid deposition.

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Question 7

Which imaging modality is most sensitive for identifying interlobular septal thickening?
Options:
A. Chest X-ray
B. CT scan
C. MRI
D. PET-CT

Correct Answer:
B. CT scan

Explanation:
CT is the gold standard for evaluating interlobular septal thickening, offering detailed characterization of smooth, nodular, or calcified patterns.

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Question 8

Which of the following systemic diseases is associated with interlobular septal thickening due to extracellular protein deposition?
Options:
A. Sarcoidosis
B. Amyloidosis
C. Tuberculosis
D. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Correct Answer:
B. Amyloidosis

Explanation:
Amyloidosis results in interlobular septal thickening due to extracellular deposition of amyloid proteins, which may be smooth, nodular, or calcified.

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Question 9

Which of the following conditions is associated with nodular and upper lobe-predominant interlobular septal thickening?
Options:
A. Sarcoidosis
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Lymphangitic carcinomatosis
D. Alveolar proteinosis

Correct Answer:
A. Sarcoidosis

Explanation:
Sarcoidosis frequently causes nodular interlobular septal thickening with an upper lobe predominance due to granulomatous inflammation along lymphatic pathways.

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Question 10

Which systemic disease may cause interlobular septal thickening with a crazy paving pattern due to both protein deposition and ground-glass opacity?
Options:
A. Pulmonary amyloidosis
B. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
C. Sarcoidosis
D. All of the above

Correct Answer:
D. All of the above

Explanation:
All these conditions can present with a crazy paving pattern, though pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is the prototypical cause. Amyloidosis and sarcoidosis may also present with mixed patterns due to protein deposition and alveolar involvement.

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