MCQ Pulmonary Infarction
Question 1
Which of the following is the most common cause of pulmonary infarction?
A. Infection
B. Pulmonary embolism
C. Vasculitis
D. Neoplasm
Answer: B. Pulmonary embolism
Explanation: Pulmonary infarction is most commonly caused by pulmonary embolism, obstructing the pulmonary vasculature.
Reference: “Pulmonary infarction is almost always caused by pulmonary embolism, with other causes being extremely rare.” ? Radiopaedia
Link: Radiopaedia – Pulmonary Infarction
Question 2
What is Hampton?s Hump on a chest radiograph?
A. Enlarged pulmonary artery
B. Peripheral wedge-shaped opacity
C. Central filling defect in the pulmonary artery
D. Ground-glass halo around the lesion
Answer: B. Peripheral wedge-shaped opacity
Explanation: Hampton?s Hump is a wedge-shaped opacity with the base against the pleural surface, indicating infarcted lung tissue.
Reference: “Hampton’s hump is a radiologic sign of pulmonary infarction and is seen as a wedge-shaped opacity at the lung periphery.” ? Fleischner Glossary
Link: Fleischner Glossary
Question 3
Which imaging modality is the study of choice for suspected pulmonary embolism and infarction?
A. Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) Scan
B. Doppler Ultrasound
C. CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA)
D. MRI
Answer: C. CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA)
Explanation: CTPA is the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism and infarction due to its high accuracy.
Reference: “CTPA is the preferred modality for diagnosing acute pulmonary embolism due to its superior sensitivity and specificity.” ? American Thoracic Society
Link: American Thoracic Society
Question 4
Which radiological sign is least common in pulmonary infarction?
A. Hampton?s Hump
B. Westermark Sign
C. Fleischner Sign
D. Feeding Vessel Sign
Answer: C. Fleischner Sign
Explanation: Fleischner Sign, indicating an enlarged pulmonary artery, is the least common radiological finding in pulmonary infarction.
Reference: “Fleischner sign, seen as an enlarged pulmonary artery, is rare and often associated with large proximal emboli.” ? Radiographics
Link: Radiographics
Question 5
What does the “Feeding Vessel Sign” on CTPA indicate in pulmonary infarction?
A. Enlarged bronchial artery
B. Pulmonary artery leading to a lesion
C. Collapsed lung tissue
D. Hemorrhagic consolidation
Answer: B. Pulmonary artery leading to a lesion
Explanation: The Feeding Vessel Sign shows a pulmonary artery supplying an infarcted lesion.
Reference: “A feeding vessel sign indicates a pulmonary artery leading directly to the infarcted region, often seen in embolic events.” ? AJR
Link: AJR – Pulmonary Infarction
Question 6
In dual-energy CT, what feature is characteristic of pulmonary infarction?
A. Increased iodine uptake
B. Decreased iodine perfusion
C. Ground-glass attenuation
D. Pleural effusion
Answer: B. Decreased iodine perfusion
Explanation: Dual-energy CT reveals decreased iodine perfusion in infarcted areas.
Reference: “Dual-energy CT highlights areas of perfusion defects, with infarction showing markedly decreased iodine uptake.” ? Radiology Key
Link: Radiology Key – Dual-Energy CT
Question 7
What is the preferred imaging modality for evaluating suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnancy?
A. CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA)
B. Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) Scan
C. MRI
D. Doppler Ultrasound
Answer: B. Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) Scan
Explanation: V/Q scans are preferred during pregnancy due to lower radiation exposure compared to CTPA.
Reference: “In pregnant patients, V/Q scans are often preferred due to lower radiation doses to the fetus.” ? Radiopaedia
Link: Radiopaedia – V/Q Scan in Pregnancy
Question 8
Which clinical symptom is most specific to pulmonary infarction?
A. Dyspnea
B. Hemoptysis
C. Fever
D. Pleuritic chest pain
Answer: B. Hemoptysis
Explanation: Hemoptysis occurs due to hemorrhage into necrotic lung tissue and is highly specific for pulmonary infarction.
Reference: “Hemoptysis is a hallmark symptom of pulmonary infarction, caused by hemorrhage into necrotic tissue.” ? ATS
Link: American Thoracic Society
Question 9
Right ventricular (RV) strain on imaging in pulmonary embolism is characterized by:
A. Enlarged pulmonary artery
B. Straightened or bowed interventricular septum
C. Pleural effusion
D. Wedge-shaped peripheral opacity
Answer: B. Straightened or bowed interventricular septum
Explanation: RV strain in large PE cases often manifests as septal straightening or bowing due to increased right ventricular pressure.
Reference: “Right ventricular strain may appear as interventricular septal straightening or bowing on imaging in large pulmonary embolism.” ? Radiopaedia
Link: Radiopaedia – RV Strain
Question 10
What role does Doppler ultrasound play in diagnosing pulmonary infarction?
A. Identifies pulmonary artery occlusion
B. Detects deep vein thrombosis
C. Directly visualizes infarcted lung tissue
D. Differentiates PE from malignancy
Answer: B. Detects deep vein thrombosis
Explanation: Doppler ultrasound identifies DVT as a potential source of embolism, though it does not diagnose infarction.
Reference: “Doppler ultrasound evaluates DVT, a precursor to embolism, but does not directly assess pulmonary infarction.” ? AJR
Link: AJR – Doppler Ultrasound