Congenital heart defects: The most common cause of pulmonary valve stenosis is a congenital heart defect,
Rheumatic fever: A complication of untreated strep throat, rheumatic fever can cause inflammation and damage to the heart valves, including the pulmonary valve.
Carcinoid syndrome:
Endocarditis: An infection of the heart valves, endocarditis can cause damage to the valves, including the pulmonary valve.
Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause of pulmonary valve stenosis may be unknown.
Clinical
Symptoms can include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, fainting, and heart palpitations.
Imaging
Echocardiogram:
X-ray: A chest X-ray m
Post stenotic Dilatation
most specifically of the left pulmonary artery
CT scan:
Thickening of the PV
Enlargement of the pulmonary arteries
Cardiac catheterization:
Mild PS: Pressure gradient less than 36 mmHg
Moderate PS: Pressure gradient between 36-64 mmHg
Severe PS: Pressure gradient greater than 64 mmHg
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can produce detailed images of the heart and pulmonary valve. This test may be used to evaluate the severity of the stenosis and assess the rx
RX
Mild cases may not require any treatment, while more severe cases may require surgery to repair or replace the valve.
Balloon valvuloplasty may be used as a less invasive alternative to surgery.