atoms, garden, template
Thickening of the interlobular septa resulting in Kerley B lines manifest most commonly at the costophrenic angles is the most common Kerley line.  Kerley A lines characterized by oblique lines extending  from the periphery to the hilum  and reticular changes (Kerley C ) are also found in CHF    Key Words lungs heart cardiac Interstitium lymphatics secondary lobule CHF congestive heart failure cardiac failure drawing
Ashley Davidoff
TheCommonVein.net 45309b06
The Secondary Lobule
SECONDARY LUNG LOBULE
Normal lung histology
This image is a panoramic view of the lung showing secondary lobules and interlobular septa. Within the interalveolar septae, one sees small venules and lymphatics.Courtesy Armando Fraire MD. 32649b
code lung pulmonary alveoli alveolus secondary lobule interlobular septa vein lymphatic histology
interstitium interstitial
32649b
Interstitial Edema
CHF and KERLEY B LINES
In these images. and c are normal and b and d represent thickened interlobular septa in a patient with congestive heart failure. These are the well known Kerley lines, often spoken about but rarely seen. They are identified as thin horizontal lines usually seen in the costophrenic angles, not being longer than 2 cms in length and touching the pleural surface.
42545c01.800 Ashley Davidoff MD
49M heart CAD CT CHF
Portable CXR shows cardiomegaly with interstitial edema indicating moderate CHF
Ashley Davidoff
TheCommonVein.net
49M heart CAD CT CHF
CT scan through the chest at the level of the MPA shows peri bronchial thickening, ground glass changes dominant in the RLL, extensive interlobular septal thickening and Kerley B lines
Ashley Davidoff
TheCommonVein.net
49M heart CAD CT CHF
CT scan through the chest at the level of the RVOT shows, ground glass changes dominant in the middle lobe, extensive interlobular septal thickening and Kerley B lines
Ashley Davidoff
TheCommonVein.net
49M heart CAD CT CHF
CT scan through the chest at the level of the left atrium shows, ground glass changes dominant in the lower lobes, extensive interlobular septal thickening, Kerley B lines, and mosaic perfusion abnormalities
Ashley Davidoff
TheCommonVein.net
49M heart CAD CT CHF
CT scan through the chest at the level of the left atrium shows, ground glass changes dominant in the lower lobes, extensive interlobular septal thickening, Kerley B lines, and mosaic perfusion abnormalities
Ashley Davidoff
TheCommonVein.net
49M heart CAD CT CHF
CT scan through the chest at the level of the left atrium shows, ground glass changes dominant in the lower lobes, extensive interlobular septal thickening, Kerley B lines, and mosaic perfusion abnormalities
Ashley Davidoff
TheCommonVein.net
Another Case of CHF

74-year-old female presents in CHF and an echo showing reduced EF (35%) and non compaction.
Initial CXR shows findings consistent with interstitial edema, (redistribution, fuzzy borders of the vessels and descending RPA) Kerley B lines, and left atrial enlargement.
Prior to implantation of a dual lead pacemaker she had a gated cardiac CT to define the venous anatomy.
The scout film shows an enlarged left atrium and suggestion of LV enlargement.
Lung windows confirmed the presence of prominent interlobular septa and LAE with bilateral complex effusions.

NON-COMPACTION AND CHF

Ashley Davidoff MD

Another Case of CHF

50-year-old male with CAD and CHF
The CXR showed LA enlargement with widening of the carina, and findings consistent with interstitial edema characterized by interstitial fuzziness, Kerley B lines and peribronchial cuffing
The CT shows a LA that is enlarged (4.4cms), heavy LAD calcification, diffuse ground glass changes with regions of sparing. thickening of the interlobular septa, Kerley A and Kerley B lines, and small bilateral effusions, right slightly greater than the left

THICKENING OF THE INTERLOBULAR SEPTA (red arrows) WITH EXTENSION TO THE BRONCHOVASCULAR BUNDLE (yellow arrow)
CHF, INTERSTITIAL EDEMA KERLEY A and B
Ashley Davidoff MD
KERLEY A (yellow arrow) subtending the SECONDARY LOBULE ((blue arrows) that show MOSAIC PERFUSION.
Fissures are indicated by the green arrows)
CHF, INTERSTITIAL EDEMA KERLEY A and B
Ashley Davidoff MD
CHF, INTERSTITIAL EDEMA KERLEY A and B
Ashley Davidoff MD
CHF, INTERSTITIAL EDEMA KERLEY A and B
Ashley Davidoff MD
CHF, INTERSTITIAL EDEMA KERLEY A and B
50-year-old male with CAD and CHF
The CXR shows LA enlargement with widening of the carina, and findings consistent with interstitial edema characterized by interstitial fuzziness, Kerley B lines and peribronchial cuffing
The CT shows a LA that is enlarged (4.4cms), heavy LAD calcification, diffuse ground glass changes with regions of sparing. thickening of the interlobular septa, Kerley A and Kerley B lines, and small bilateral effusions, right slightly greater than the left
Ashley Davidoff MD
CHF, INTERSTITIAL EDEMA KERLEY A and B
50-year-old male with CAD and CHF
The CXR shows LA enlargement with widening of the carina, and findings consistent with interstitial edema characterized by interstitial fuzziness, Kerley B lines and peribronchial cuffing
The CT shows a LA that is enlarged (4.4cms), heavy LAD calcification, diffuse ground glass changes with regions of sparing. thickening of the interlobular septa, Kerley A and Kerley B lines, and small bilateral effusions, right slightly greater than the left
Ashley Davidoff MD
SECONDARY LOBULES WITH THICKENED INTERLOBULAR SEPTA (red arrows) CENTRILOBULAR BRONCHIOLES (light blue arrows) and ARTERIOLES (dark blue arrows)
CHF, INTERSTITIAL EDEMA KERLEY A and B
50-year-old male with CAD and CHF
The CXR shows LA enlargement with widening of the carina, and findings consistent with interstitial edema characterized by interstitial fuzziness, Kerley B lines and peribronchial cuffing
The CT shows a LA that is enlarged (4.4cms), heavy LAD calcification, diffuse ground glass changes with regions of sparing. thickening of the interlobular septa, Kerley A and Kerley B lines, and small bilateral effusions, right slightly greater than the left
Ashley Davidoff MD

Non Compaction Heart Failure and Pacemaker

NON-COMPACTION AND CHF
74-year-old female presents in CHF and an echo showing reduced EF (35%) and non compaction.
Initial CXR shows findings consistent with interstitial edema, (redistribution, fuzzy borders of the vessels and descending RPA) Kerley B lines, and left atrial enlargement.
Ashley Davidoff MD
NON-COMPACTION AND CHF
74-year-old female presents in CHF and an echo showing reduced EF (35%) and non compaction.
Initial CXR shows findings consistent with interstitial edema, (redistribution, fuzzy borders of the vessels and descending RPA) Kerley B lines, and left atrial enlargement.
Prior to implantation of a dual lead pacemaker she had a gated cardiac CT to define the venous anatomy.
The scout film shows an enlarged left atrium and suggestion of LV enlargement.
Ashley Davidoff MD

 

Kerley A Lines

Kerley lines including Kerley A and Kerley B Lines

  • 2-6 cm long oblique lines
  • <1 mm thick
  • course towards the hila.
    • thickening of the interlobular septa with
    • lymphatic connections between the
      • perivenous and
      • bronchoarterial lymphatics
      • chest Xray and CT
        • cross normal vascular markings
        • extend
          • to the hilum from
          • the upper lobes.
49M heart CAD CT CHF
CT scan in the coronal plane through the chest at the level of the RV  shows Kerley A lines
Ashley Davidoff
TheCommonVein.net
49M heart CAD CT CHF
CT scan in the coronal plane through the chest at the level of the RV  shows Kerley A and Kerley B lines
Ashley Davidoff
TheCommonVein.net
49M heart CAD CT CHF
CT scan in the coronal plane through the chest at the level of the LV shows Kerley A lines and Kerley B lines with mild ground glass changes in the right upper lobe
Ashley Davidoff
TheCommonVein.net
NON-COMPACTION AND CHF
74-year-old female presents in CHF and an echo showing reduced EF (35%) and non compaction.
Initial CXR shows findings consistent with interstitial edema, (redistribution, fuzzy borders of the vessels and descending RPA) Kerley B lines, and left atrial enlargement.
Prior to implantation of a dual lead pacemaker she had a gated cardiac CT to define the venous anatomy.
The scout film shows an enlarged left atrium and suggestion of LV enlargement.
Lung windows confirmed the presence of prominent interlobular septa and LAE with bilateral complex effusions.
Ashley Davidoff MD
NON-COMPACTION AND CHF
74-year-old female presents in CHF and an echo showing reduced EF (35%) and non compaction.
Initial CXR shows findings consistent with interstitial edema, (redistribution, fuzzy borders of the vessels and descending RPA) Kerley B lines, and left atrial enlargement.
Prior to implantation of a dual lead pacemaker she had a gated cardiac CT to define the venous anatomy.
The scout film shows an enlarged left atrium and suggestion of LV enlargement.
Lung windows confirmed the presence of prominent interlobular septa and LAE.
Axial soft tissue windows shows LAE with A_P dimension of 4.7cms (upper limits of normal is 4cms)
Ashley Davidoff MD
NON-COMPACTION, CHF PRE AND POST BIVENTRICULAR PACEMAKER PLACEMENT
74-year-old female presents in CHF and an echo showing reduced EF (35%) and non-compaction.
Initial CXR shows findings consistent with interstitial edema, (redistribution, fuzzy borders of the vessels and descending RPA) Kerley B lines, and left atrial enlargement.
Volume measurements showed an end diastolic volume of 217mls, an end systolic volume of 159ccs, a stroke volume of 58ccs with a resulting ejection fraction of 26%.
Following placement of biventricular pacemaker CXR showed resolution of the heart failure, but persistence of the LAE.
Ashley Davidoff MD
CHF and KERLEY B LINES
In these images. and c are normal and b and d represent thickened interlobular septa in a patient with congestive heart failure. These are the well known Kerley lines, often spoken about but rarely seen. They are identified as thin horizontal lines usually seen in the costophrenic angles, not being longer than 2 cms in length and touching the pleural surface.
42545c01.800 Ashley Davidoff MD
NON-COMPACTION AND CHF
74-year-old female presents in CHF and an echo showing reduced EF (35%) and non compaction.
Volume measurements based on the gated cardiac CT showed an end diastolic volume of 217 mls, an end systolic volume of 159ccs, a stroke volume of 58ccs with a resulting ejection fraction of 26%.
Ashley Davidoff MD
Kerley A Lines
CHF with ALVEOLAR EDEMA and KERLEY A LINES
62-year-old male in the ICU with a tracheostomy with acute respiratory distress.
CXR shows acute alveolar edema with an air bronchogram in the right upper lobe (red arrow, a), and red circle, b)with Kerley A lines extending from the periphery to the hila and mediastinum (white arrows)
Ashley Davidoff MD

Kerley Lines L Base Kerley Lines L Base

Non Cardiogenic Kerley Lines
NON CARDIOGENIC KERLEY B LINES –
S/P RIGHT UPPER LOBECTOMY
NON CARDIOGENIC KERLEY B LINES –
S/P RIGHT UPPER LOBECTOMY

References and Links

TCV

003 Non Compaction Heart Failure and Pacemaker