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The sculpture of King José I is a prominent statue located in the Commercial Square (Praça do Comércio) in Lisbon, Portugal. It was created by the Portuguese sculptor Joaquim Machado de Castro in the late 18th century, and it is considered one of the finest examples of Baroque sculpture in Portugal.
The statue depicts King José I on horseback, wearing a royal uniform and holding a baton in his right hand. The horse is shown in a dynamic pose, with its front legs lifted off the ground, conveying a sense of movement and power. The pedestal of the statue is decorated with reliefs depicting allegorical figures, including Justice, Wisdom, and Strength.
The statue was originally erected in the center of the square in 1775, but it was later moved to its current location on the north side of the square in the 19th century. The statue is significant because King José I is remembered as a monarch who played an important role in the development of Lisbon and Portugal during the 18th century.
The Commercial Square itself is a historic public space that dates back to the 16th century, and it has served as an important center of commerce and trade throughout Lisbon’s history. Today, it is a popular destination for tourists and locals alike, and it is surrounded by many notable landmarks and historic buildings.
Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net

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 The snakes depicted below the horse of the sculpture of King José I in the Commercial Square in Lisbon are a symbolic representation of conquest and victory over evil. They are often referred to as “snakes of discord” or “snakes of Aesculapius,” which is a reference to the Greek god of medicine who is often depicted with a staff surrounded by snakes.
In the context of the King José I statue, the snakes are meant to symbolize the king’s success in overcoming the challenges and obstacles faced during his reign, including the earthquake of 1755 that devastated Lisbon. The snakes can also be seen as a reference to the king’s military victories and his role as a powerful leader.
It’s worth noting that the use of snakes in art and symbolism has a long history, dating back to ancient civilizations such as the Greeks and Romans. Snakes are often associated with transformation, rebirth, and renewal, as well as with negative traits such as temptation and deceit. In the case of the King José I statue, however, the snakes are primarily seen as a positive symbol of victory and conquest.

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 The elephant depicted below the horse of the sculpture of King José I in the Commercial Square in Lisbon is a symbol of power, strength, and exoticism. It is meant to represent the king’s role as a powerful and influential leader, and his connections to the Portuguese empire and its overseas territories.
In the 18th century, elephants were rare and exotic animals that were highly prized by European monarchs and nobility. They were seen as symbols of wealth, power, and luxury, and were often given as gifts between rulers as a sign of respect and diplomacy.
In the context of the King José I statue, the elephant is likely meant to symbolize the king’s connection to Portugal’s colonies in Asia, particularly India. King José I was a patron of the arts and sciences, and he supported scientific expeditions and exploration throughout the Portuguese empire. The elephant can be seen as a representation of the king’s interest in the natural world and his support for exploration and discovery.
Overall, the elephant is a significant element of the King José I statue, and it serves as a reminder of Portugal’s rich history and cultural heritage, as well as its important role in the Age of Exploration and colonialism.
Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net

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 The shield with the head of Medusa depicted below the horse of the sculpture of King José I in the Commercial Square in Lisbon is a symbol of protection, strength, and resilience. Medusa, in Greek mythology, was a powerful monster with snakes for hair whose gaze could turn people to stone. Her head was later used as a symbol of protection and as a ward against evil.
In the context of the King José I statue, the shield with the head of Medusa is likely meant to represent the king’s role as a protector of Portugal and its people. King José I was a popular monarch who was known for his support of the arts, culture, and science, as well as his efforts to rebuild Lisbon after the devastating earthquake of 1755. The shield can be seen as a representation of his commitment to the safety and well-being of his subjects.
The use of Medusa as a symbol of protection and resilience has a long history in art and mythology. In addition to being a symbol of strength and protection, Medusa is also associated with transformation and rebirth. In the context of the King José I statue, the shield with her head can be seen as a symbol of Portugal’s ability to overcome adversity and emerge stronger and more resilient.
Overall, the shield with the head of Medusa is a powerful and meaningful element of the King José I statue, and it serves as a reminder of the king’s legacy as a protector and supporter of his people.
Ashley Davidoff TheCommonVein.net