Definition
By: Gregory R. Waryasz, MD
The levator scapulae of the musculoskeletal system is characterized by the strap-like appearance.
It is part of the deep posterior axioappendicular muscles. It consists of skeletal muscle fibers.
Its unique structural features include its strap-like shape. The superior third is located deep to the sternocleidomastoid and the inferior third is deep to the trapezius.
The origin is at the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae.
The insertion is the medial border of the scapula superiorly.
The blood supply is from the dorsal scapular and venous drainage is from the accompanying veins.
The innervation is from the dorsal scapular and cervical (C3, C4) nerves.
The levator scapulae muscle as well as all other bones, muscles, and ligaments of the body are derived of mesodermal origin in the embryo.
The function of the levator scapulae is to elevate the scapula and tilt the glenoid inferiorly by rotating the scapula. It works synergistically with the rhomboids and trapezius. The levator scapulae can also extend the neck.
Common diseases include muscle strain.
Commonly used diagnostic procedures include clinical history, physical exam, and MRI.
It is usually treated with physical therapy and NSAIDs for muscle strain.
References
Lieberman J (ed), AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2008.
Moore K, Dalley A (eds), Clinically Oriented Anatomy (5th edition), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.
Wheeless? Textbook of Orthopaedics: Levator Scapula (http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/levator_scapula)