Definition
By: Gregory R. Waryasz, MD
The abductor pollicis brevis muscle of the musculoskeletal system is characterized by forming the anterolateral part of the thenar eminence.
It is part of the thenar muscles. It consists of skeletal muscle fibers.
Its unique structural features include it forming the anterolateral part of the thenar eminence. It is the short abductor of the thumb.
The origin is the flexor retinaculum and tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium.
The insertion is the lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
The blood supply is from the arteries of the superficial palmar arch and venous drainage is from the accompanying veins.
The innervation is from the recurrent branch of the median nerve.
The abductor pollicis brevis muscle as well as all other bones, muscles, and ligaments of the body are derived of mesodermal origin in the embryo.
The function of the abductor pollicis brevis is to abduct the thumb. It helps to oppose the thumb and externally rotate the thumb as well. It works synergistically with the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis longus.
Common diseases include carpal tunnel syndrome.
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a compressive neuropathy of the median nerve at the wrist. It can lead to weakness in the hand and decreased sensation in the palm. Patients often report numbness and tingling in the palm and distribution of the median nerve. Long-standing carpal tunnel can lead to atrophy of the muscles innervated by the median nerve distal to the compressive neuropathy.
Commonly used diagnostic procedures include clinical history, physical exam, EMG, and MRI.
It is usually treated with bracing, NSAIDs, physical therapy, and corticosteroid injections for carpal tunnel syndrome. A carpal tunnel surgical release procedure can often reduce the compressive neuropathy.
References
Lieberman J (ed), AAOS Comprehensive Orthopaedic Review, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2008.
Moore K, Dalley A (eds), Clinically Oriented Anatomy (5th edition), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2006.
Wheeless? Textbook of Orthopaedics: Abductor Pollicis Brevis (http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/abductor_pollicis_brevis)