Uncategorized

List of laureates

Year Physics Chemistry Physiology
or Medicine		 Literature Peace Economics
(The Sveriges Riksbank Prize)[13]
1901 Wilhelm Röntgen Jacobus Henricus van ‘t Hoff Emil Adolf von Behring Sully Prudhomme Henry Dunant;
Frédéric Passy		 (prize not established)
1902 Hendrik Lorentz;
Pieter Zeeman		 Hermann Emil Fischer Ronald Ross Theodor Mommsen Élie Ducommun;
Charles Albert Gobat		 ?
1903 Henri Becquerel;
Pierre Curie;
Marie Curie		 Svante Arrhenius Niels Ryberg Finsen Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson Randal Cremer ?
1904 Lord Rayleigh William Ramsay Ivan Pavlov Frédéric Mistral;
José Echegaray		 Institut de Droit International ?
1905 Philipp Lenard Adolf von Baeyer Robert Koch Henryk Sienkiewicz Bertha von Suttner ?
1906 J. J. Thomson Henri Moissan Camillo Golgi;
Santiago Ramón y Cajal		 Giosuè Carducci Theodore Roosevelt ?
1907 Albert Abraham Michelson Eduard Buchner Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran Rudyard Kipling Ernesto Teodoro Moneta;
Louis Renault		 ?
1908 Gabriel Lippmann Ernest Rutherford Élie Metchnikoff;
Paul Ehrlich		 Rudolf Christoph Eucken Klas Pontus Arnoldson;
Fredrik Bajer		 ?
1909 Karl Ferdinand Braun;
Guglielmo Marconi		 Wilhelm Ostwald Emil Theodor Kocher Selma Lagerlöf Auguste Marie François Beernaert;
Paul-Henri-Benjamin d’Estournelles de Constant		 ?
1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals Otto Wallach Albrecht Kossel Paul Heyse International Peace Bureau ?
1911 Wilhelm Wien Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Allvar Gullstrand Maurice Maeterlinck Tobias Asser;
Alfred Hermann Fried		 ?
1912 Gustaf Dalén Victor Grignard;
Paul Sabatier		 Alexis Carrel Gerhart Hauptmann Elihu Root ?
1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Alfred Werner Charles Richet Rabindranath Tagore Henri La Fontaine ?
1914 Max von Laue Theodore William Richards Robert Bárány None None ?
1915 William Henry Bragg;
William Lawrence Bragg		 Richard Willstätter None Romain Rolland None ?
1916 None None None Verner von Heidenstam None ?
1917 Charles Glover Barkla None None Karl Adolph Gjellerup;
Henrik Pontoppidan		 International Committee of the Red Cross ?
1918 Max Planck Fritz Haber None None None ?
1919 Johannes Stark None Jules Bordet Carl Spitteler Woodrow Wilson ?
1920 Charles Édouard Guillaume Walther Nernst August Krogh Knut Hamsun Léon Bourgeois ?
1921 Albert Einstein Frederick Soddy None Anatole France Hjalmar Branting;
Christian Lous Lange		 ?
1922 Niels Bohr Francis William Aston Archibald Hill;
Otto Fritz Meyerhof		 Jacinto Benavente Fridtjof Nansen ?
1923 Robert Andrews Millikan Fritz Pregl Frederick Banting;
John James Rickard Macleod		 W. B. Yeats None ?
1924 Manne Siegbahn None Willem Einthoven W?adys?aw Reymont None ?
1925 James Franck;
Gustav Ludwig Hertz		 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy None George Bernard Shaw Austen Chamberlain;
Charles G. Dawes		 ?
1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin Theodor Svedberg Johannes Fibiger Grazia Deledda Aristide Briand;
Gustav Stresemann		 ?
1927 Arthur Compton;
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson		 Heinrich Otto Wieland Julius Wagner-Jauregg Henri Bergson Ferdinand Buisson;
Ludwig Quidde		 ?
1928 Owen Willans Richardson Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus Charles Nicolle Sigrid Undset None ?
1929 Louis de Broglie Arthur Harden;
Hans von Euler-Chelpin		 Christiaan Eijkman;
Frederick Gowland Hopkins		 Thomas Mann Frank B. Kellogg ?
1930 C. V. Raman Hans Fischer Karl Landsteiner Sinclair Lewis Nathan Söderblom ?
1931 None Carl Bosch;
Friedrich Bergius		 Otto Heinrich Warburg Erik Axel Karlfeldt Jane Addams;
Nicholas Murray Butler		 ?
1932 Werner Heisenberg Irving Langmuir Charles Scott Sherrington;
Edgar Adrian		 John Galsworthy None ?
1933 Erwin Schrödinger;
Paul Dirac		 None Thomas Hunt Morgan Ivan Bunin Norman Angell ?
1934 None Harold Urey George Whipple;
George Minot;
William P. Murphy		 Luigi Pirandello Arthur Henderson ?
1935 James Chadwick Frédéric Joliot-Curie;
Irène Joliot-Curie		 Hans Spemann None Carl von Ossietzky ?
1936 Victor Francis Hess;
Carl David Anderson		 Peter Debye Henry Hallett Dale;
Otto Loewi		 Eugene O’Neill Carlos Saavedra Lamas ?
1937 Clinton Davisson;
George Paget Thomson		 Norman Haworth;
Paul Karrer		 Albert Szent-Györgyi Roger Martin du Gard The Viscount Cecil of Chelwood ?
1938 Enrico Fermi Richard Kuhn[a] Corneille Heymans Pearl S. Buck Nansen International Office For Refugees ?
1939 Ernest Lawrence Adolf Butenandt;[a]
Leopold Ru?i?ka		 Gerhard Domagk[a] Frans Eemil Sillanpää None ?
1940 Cancelled due to World War II ?
1941 ?
1942 ?
1943 Otto Stern George de Hevesy Henrik Dam;
Edward Adelbert Doisy		 None None ?
1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi Otto Hahn Joseph Erlanger;
Herbert Spencer Gasser		 Johannes Vilhelm Jensen International Committee of the Red Cross ?
1945 Wolfgang Pauli Artturi Ilmari Virtanen Alexander Fleming;
Ernst Boris Chain;
Howard Florey		 Gabriela Mistral Cordell Hull ?
1946 Percy Williams Bridgman James B. Sumner;
John Howard Northrop;
Wendell Meredith Stanley		 Hermann Joseph Muller Hermann Hesse Emily Greene Balch;
John Mott		 ?
1947 Edward Victor Appleton Robert Robinson Carl Ferdinand Cori;
Gerty Cori;
Bernardo Houssay		 André Gide Friends Service Council;
American Friends Service Committee		 ?
1948 Patrick Blackett Arne Tiselius Paul Hermann Müller T. S. Eliot None[b] ?
1949 Hideki Yukawa William Giauque Walter Rudolf Hess;
António Egas Moniz		 William Faulkner John Boyd Orr ?
1950 C. F. Powell Otto Diels;
Kurt Alder		 Philip Showalter Hench;
Edward Calvin Kendall;
Tadeus Reichstein		 Bertrand Russell Ralph Bunche ?
1951 John Cockcroft;
Ernest Walton		 Edwin McMillan;
Glenn T. Seaborg		 Max Theiler Pär Lagerkvist Léon Jouhaux ?
1952 Felix Bloch;
Edward Mills Purcell		 Archer John Porter Martin;
Richard Laurence Millington Synge		 Selman Waksman François Mauriac Albert Schweitzer ?
1953 Frits Zernike Hermann Staudinger Hans Adolf Krebs;
Fritz Albert Lipmann		 Winston Churchill George Marshall ?
1954 Max Born;
Walther Bothe		 Linus Pauling John Franklin Enders;
Frederick Chapman Robbins;
Thomas Huckle Weller		 Ernest Hemingway United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ?
1955 Willis Lamb;
Polykarp Kusch		 Vincent du Vigneaud Hugo Theorell Halldór Laxness None ?
1956 John Bardeen;
Walter Houser Brattain;
William Shockley		 Cyril Norman Hinshelwood;
Nikolay Semyonov		 André Frédéric Cournand;
Werner Forssmann;
Dickinson W. Richards		 Juan Ramón Jiménez None ?
1957 Chen Ning Yang;
Tsung-Dao Lee		 The Lord Todd Daniel Bovet Albert Camus Lester B. Pearson ?
1958 Pavel Cherenkov;
Ilya Frank;
Igor Tamm		 Frederick Sanger George Wells Beadle;
Edward Lawrie Tatum;
Joshua Lederberg		 Boris Pasternak[c] Dominique Pire ?
1959 Emilio G. Segrè;
Owen Chamberlain		 Jaroslav Heyrovský Arthur Kornberg;
Severo Ochoa		 Salvatore Quasimodo Philip Noel-Baker ?
1960 Donald A. Glaser Willard Libby Frank Macfarlane Burnet;
Peter Medawar		 Saint-John Perse Albert Lutuli ?
1961 Robert Hofstadter;
Rudolf Mössbauer		 Melvin Calvin Georg von Békésy Ivo Andri? Dag Hammarskjöld ?
1962 Lev Landau Max Perutz;
John Kendrew		 Francis Crick;
James D. Watson;
Maurice Wilkins		 John Steinbeck Linus Pauling ?
1963 Eugene Wigner;
Maria Goeppert-Mayer;
J. Hans D. Jensen		 Karl Ziegler;
Giulio Natta		 John Eccles;
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin;
Andrew Huxley		 Giorgos Seferis International Committee of the Red Cross;
League of Red Cross societies		 ?
1964 Charles Hard Townes;
Nikolay Basov;
Alexander Prokhorov		 Dorothy Hodgkin Konrad Emil Bloch;
Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen		 Jean-Paul Sartre[d] Martin Luther King, Jr. ?
1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga;
Julian Schwinger;
Richard Feynman		 Robert Burns Woodward François Jacob;
André Michel Lwoff;
Jacques Monod		 Mikhail Sholokhov United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) ?
1966 Alfred Kastler Robert S. Mulliken Francis Peyton Rous;
Charles Brenton Huggins		 Shmuel Yosef Agnon;
Nelly Sachs		 None ?
1967 Hans Bethe Manfred Eigen;
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish;
George Porter		 Ragnar Granit;
Haldan Keffer Hartline;
George Wald		 Miguel Ángel Asturias None ?
1968 Luis Walter Alvarez Lars Onsager Robert W. Holley;
Har Gobind Khorana;
Marshall Warren Nirenberg		 Yasunari Kawabata René Cassin ?
1969 Murray Gell-Mann Derek Barton;
Odd Hassel		 Max Delbrück;
Alfred Hershey;
Salvador Luria		 Samuel Beckett International Labour Organization Ragnar Frisch;
Jan Tinbergen
1970 Hannes Alfvén;
Louis Néel		 Luis Federico Leloir Julius Axelrod;
Ulf von Euler;
Bernard Katz		 Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Norman Borlaug Paul Samuelson
1971 Dennis Gabor Gerhard Herzberg Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr. Pablo Neruda Willy Brandt Simon Kuznets
1972 John Bardeen;
Leon Cooper;
John Robert Schrieffer		 Christian B. Anfinsen;
Stanford Moore;
William Howard Stein		 Gerald Edelman;
Rodney Robert Porter		 Heinrich Böll None John Hicks;
Kenneth Arrow
1973 Leo Esaki;
Ivar Giaever;
Brian David Josephson		 Ernst Otto Fischer;
Geoffrey Wilkinson		 Karl von Frisch;
Konrad Lorenz;
Nikolaas Tinbergen		 Patrick White Henry Kissinger;
Le Duc Tho[e]		 Wassily Leontief
1974 Martin Ryle;
Antony Hewish		 Paul Flory Albert Claude;
Christian de Duve;
George Emil Palade		 Eyvind Johnson;
Harry Martinson		 Seán MacBride;
Eisaku Sat?		 Gunnar Myrdal;
Friedrich Hayek
1975 Aage Bohr;
Ben Roy Mottelson;
James Rainwater		 John Cornforth;
Vladimir Prelog		 David Baltimore;
Renato Dulbecco;
Howard Martin Temin		 Eugenio Montale Andrei Sakharov Leonid Kantorovich;
Tjalling Koopmans
1976 Burton Richter;
Samuel C. C. Ting		 William Lipscomb Baruch Samuel Blumberg;
Daniel Carleton Gajdusek		 Saul Bellow Betty Williams;
Mairead Maguire		 Milton Friedman
1977 Philip Warren Anderson;
Nevill Francis Mott;
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck		 Ilya Prigogine Roger Guillemin;
Andrew Schally;
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow		 Vicente Aleixandre Amnesty International Bertil Ohlin;
James Meade
1978 Pyotr Kapitsa;
Arno Allan Penzias;
Robert Woodrow Wilson		 Peter D. Mitchell Werner Arber;
Daniel Nathans;
Hamilton O. Smith		 Isaac Bashevis Singer Anwar Sadat;
Menachem Begin		 Herbert A. Simon
1979 Sheldon Lee Glashow;
Abdus Salam;
Steven Weinberg		 Herbert C. Brown;
Georg Wittig		 Allan McLeod Cormack;
Godfrey Hounsfield		 Odysseas Elytis Mother Teresa Theodore Schultz;
Arthur Lewis
1980 James Cronin;
Val Logsdon Fitch		 Paul Berg;
Walter Gilbert;
Frederick Sanger		 Baruj Benacerraf;
Jean Dausset;
George Davis Snell		 Czes?aw Mi?osz Adolfo Pérez Esquivel Lawrence Klein
1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen;
Arthur Leonard Schawlow;
Kai Siegbahn		 Kenichi Fukui;
Roald Hoffmann		 Roger Wolcott Sperry;
David H. Hubel;
Torsten Wiesel		 Elias Canetti United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees James Tobin
1982 Kenneth G. Wilson Aaron Klug Sune Bergström;
Bengt I. Samuelsson;
John Vane		 Gabriel García Márquez Alva Myrdal;
Alfonso García Robles		 George Stigler
1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar;
William Alfred Fowler		 Henry Taube Barbara McClintock William Golding Lech Wa??sa Gérard Debreu
1984 Carlo Rubbia;
Simon van der Meer		 Robert Bruce Merrifield Niels Kaj Jerne;
Georges J. F. Köhler;
César Milstein		 Jaroslav Seifert Desmond Tutu Richard Stone
1985 Klaus von Klitzing Herbert A. Hauptman;
Jerome Karle		 Michael Stuart Brown;
Joseph L. Goldstein		 Claude Simon International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War Franco Modigliani
1986 Ernst Ruska;
Gerd Binnig;
Heinrich Rohrer		 Dudley R. Herschbach;
Yuan T. Lee;
John Polanyi		 Stanley Cohen;
Rita Levi-Montalcini		 Wole Soyinka Elie Wiesel James M. Buchanan
1987 Johannes Georg Bednorz;
Karl Alexander Müller		 Donald J. Cram;
Jean-Marie Lehn;
Charles J. Pedersen		 Susumu Tonegawa Joseph Brodsky Óscar Arias Robert Solow
1988 Leon M. Lederman;
Melvin Schwartz;
Jack Steinberger		 Johann Deisenhofer;
Robert Huber;
Hartmut Michel		 James W. Black;
Gertrude B. Elion;
George H. Hitchings		 Naguib Mahfouz United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces Maurice Allais
1989 Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.;
Hans Georg Dehmelt;
Wolfgang Paul		 Sidney Altman;
Thomas Cech		 J. Michael Bishop;
Harold E. Varmus		 Camilo José Cela Tenzin Gyatso (The 14th Dalai Lama) Trygve Haavelmo
1990 Jerome Isaac Friedman;
Henry Way Kendall;
Richard E. Taylor		 Elias James Corey Joseph Murray;
E. Donnall Thomas		 Octavio Paz Mikhail Gorbachev Harry Markowitz;
Merton Miller;
William F. Sharpe
1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes Richard R. Ernst Erwin Neher;
Bert Sakmann		 Nadine Gordimer Aung San Suu Kyi Ronald Coase
1992 Georges Charpak Rudolph A. Marcus Edmond H. Fischer;
Edwin G. Krebs		 Derek Walcott Rigoberta Menchú Gary Becker
1993 Russell Alan Hulse;
Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.		 Kary Mullis;
Michael Smith		 Richard J. Roberts;
Phillip Allen Sharp		 Toni Morrison Nelson Mandela;
F. W. de Klerk		 Robert Fogel;
Douglass North
1994 Bertram Brockhouse;
Clifford Shull		 George Andrew Olah Alfred G. Gilman;
Martin Rodbell		 Kenzabur? ?e Yasser Arafat;
Shimon Peres;
Yitzhak Rabin		 John Harsanyi;
John Forbes Nash, Jr.;
Reinhard Selten
1995 Martin Lewis Perl;
Frederick Reines		 Paul J. Crutzen;
Mario J. Molina;
Frank Sherwood Rowland		 Edward B. Lewis;
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard;
Eric F. Wieschaus		 Seamus Heaney Joseph Rotblat;
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs		 Robert Lucas, Jr.
1996 David Lee;
Douglas Osheroff;
Robert Coleman Richardson		 Robert F. Curl Jr.;
Harry Kroto;
Richard Smalley		 Peter C. Doherty;
Rolf M. Zinkernagel		 Wis?awa Szymborska Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo;
José Ramos-Horta		 James Mirrlees;
William Vickrey
1997 Steven Chu;
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji;
William Daniel Phillips		 Paul D. Boyer;
John E. Walker;
Jens Christian Skou		 Stanley B. Prusiner Dario Fo International Campaign to Ban Landmines;
Jody Williams		 Robert C. Merton;
Myron Scholes
1998 Robert B. Laughlin;
Horst Ludwig Störmer;
Daniel C. Tsui		 Walter Kohn;
John Pople		 Robert F. Furchgott;
Louis Ignarro;
Ferid Murad		 José Saramago John Hume;
David Trimble		 Amartya Sen
1999 Gerard ‘t Hooft;
Martinus J. G. Veltman		 Ahmed Zewail Günter Blobel Günter Grass Médecins Sans Frontières Robert Mundell
2000 Zhores Alferov;
Herbert Kroemer;
Jack Kilby		 Alan J. Heeger;
Alan MacDiarmid;
Hideki Shirakawa		 Arvid Carlsson;
Paul Greengard;
Eric Kandel		 Gao Xingjian Kim Dae-jung James Heckman;
Daniel McFadden
2001 Eric Allin Cornell;
Wolfgang Ketterle;
Carl Wieman		 William Standish Knowles;
Ry?ji Noyori;
Karl Barry Sharpless		 Leland H. Hartwell;
Tim Hunt;
Paul Nurse		 V. S. Naipaul United Nations;
Kofi Annan		 George Akerlof;
Michael Spence;
Joseph Stiglitz
2002 Raymond Davis, Jr.;
Masatoshi Koshiba;
Riccardo Giacconi		 John Fenn;
Koichi Tanaka;
Kurt Wüthrich		 Sydney Brenner;
H. Robert Horvitz;
John Sulston		 Imre Kertész Jimmy Carter Daniel Kahneman;
Vernon L. Smith
2003 Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov;
Vitaly Ginzburg;
Anthony James Leggett		 Peter Agre;
Roderick MacKinnon		 Paul Lauterbur;
Peter Mansfield		 J. M. Coetzee Shirin Ebadi Robert F. Engle;
Clive Granger
2004 David Gross;
Hugh David Politzer;
Frank Wilczek		 Aaron Ciechanover;
Avram Hershko;
Irwin Rose		 Richard Axel;
Linda B. Buck		 Elfriede Jelinek Wangari Maathai Finn E. Kydland;
Edward C. Prescott
2005 Roy J. Glauber;
John L. Hall;
Theodor W. Hänsch		 Yves Chauvin;
Robert H. Grubbs;
Richard R. Schrock		 Barry Marshall;
Robin Warren		 Harold Pinter International Atomic Energy Agency;
Mohamed ElBaradei		 Robert Aumann;
Thomas Schelling
2006 John C. Mather;
George Smoot		 Roger D. Kornberg Andrew Fire;
Craig Mello		 Orhan Pamuk Muhammad Yunus;
Grameen Bank		 Edmund Phelps
2007 Albert Fert;
Peter Grünberg		 Gerhard Ertl Mario Capecchi;
Martin Evans;
Oliver Smithies		 Doris Lessing Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;
Al Gore		 Leonid Hurwicz;
Eric Maskin;
Roger Myerson
2008 Yoichiro Nambu;
Makoto Kobayashi;
Toshihide Maskawa		 Osamu Shimomura;
Martin Chalfie;
Roger Y. Tsien		 Harald zur Hausen;
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi;
Luc Montagnier		 J. M. G. Le Clézio Martti Ahtisaari Paul Krugman
2009 Charles K. Kao;
Willard S. Boyle;
George E. Smith		 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan;
Thomas A. Steitz;
Ada Yonath		 Elizabeth Blackburn;
Carol W. Greider;
Jack W. Szostak		 Herta Müller Barack Obama Elinor Ostrom;
Oliver E. Williamson
2010 Andre Geim;
Konstantin Novoselov		 Richard F. Heck;
Ei-ichi Negishi;
Akira Suzuki		 Robert G. Edwards Mario Vargas Llosa Liu Xiaobo[f] Peter A. Diamond;
Dale T. Mortensen;
Christopher A. Pissarides
2011 Saul Perlmutter;
Adam G. Riess;
Brian Schmidt		 Dan Shechtman Bruce Beutler;
Jules A. Hoffmann;
Ralph M. Steinman		 Tomas Tranströmer Ellen Johnson Sirleaf;
Leymah Gbowee;
Tawakel Karman		 Thomas J. Sargent;
Christopher A. Sims
2012 Serge Haroche;
David J. Wineland		 Brian K. Kobilka;
Robert J. Lefkowitz		 John B. Gurdon;
Shinya Yamanaka		 Mo Yan European Union Alvin E. Roth;
Lloyd S. Shapley
2013 François Englert;
Peter W. Higgs		 Martin Karplus;
Michael Levitt;
Arieh Warshel		 James E. Rothman;
Randy W. Schekman;
Thomas C. Südhof		 Alice Munro Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Eugene F. Fama;
Lars Peter Hansen;
Robert J. Shiller
2014 Isamu Akasaki;
Hiroshi Amano;
Shuji Nakamura		 Eric Betzig;
Stefan Hell;
William Moerner		 John O’Keefe;
May-Britt Moser;
Edvard Moser		 Patrick Modiano Kailash Satyarthi;
Malala Yousafzai		 Jean Tirole
2015 Takaaki Kajita;
Arthur B. McDonald		 Tomas Lindahl;
Paul L. Modrich;
Aziz Sancar		 William C. Campbell;
Satoshi ?mura;
Tu Youyou		 Svetlana Alexievich Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet Angus Deaton
2016[16] David J. Thouless;
Duncan Haldane;
John M. Kosterlitz		 Jean-Pierre Sauvage;
Fraser Stoddart;
Ben Feringa		 Yoshinori Ohsumi Bob Dylan Juan Manuel Santos Oliver Hart;
Bengt R. Holmström
2017 Rainer Weiss;
Barry Barish;
Kip Thorne		 Jacques Dubochet;
Joachim Frank;
Richard Henderson		 Jeffrey C. Hall;
Michael Rosbash;
Michael W. Young		 Kazuo Ishiguro International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons Richard Thaler
2018 Arthur Ashkin;
Gérard Mourou;
Donna Strickland		 Frances H. Arnold;
George P. Smith;
Greg Winter		 James P. Allison;
Tasuku Honjo		 Olga Tokarczuk[g] Denis Mukwege;
Nadia Murad		 William Nordhaus;
Paul Romer
2019 James Peebles;
Michel Mayor;
Didier Queloz		 John B. Goodenough;
M. Stanley Whittingham;
Akira Yoshino		 William Kaelin Jr.;
Peter J. Ratcliffe;
Gregg L. Semenza		 Peter Handke Abiy Ahmed Abhijit Banerjee;
Esther Duflo;
Michael Kremer
2020 Roger Penrose;
Reinhard Genzel;
Andrea M. Ghez		 Emmanuelle Charpentier;
Jennifer Doudna		 Harvey J. Alter;
Michael Houghton;
Charles M. Rice		 Louise Glück World Food Programme Paul R. Milgrom;
Robert B. Wilson
Year Physics Chemistry Physiology
or Medicine		 Literature Peace Economics