The adrenals are paired endocrine glands secreting catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) from the inner medulla, and steroid hormones from the outer cortex. The medulla is controlled by the neuroendocrine axis, while the cortex is controlled mostly by the pituitary gland. The adrenals are located retroperitoneally at the upper poles of the kidneys. They mainly help the body in its response to stress as well as play a role in maintaining blood pressure and salt balance. When faced with a stressful situation, the medulla of the adrenal glands secrete epinephrine (adrenaline) causing an “adrenaline rush” preparing the body for “fight or flight”.
Courtesy of: Ashley Davidoff, M.D.